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USE OF ENGLISH
1. There were four major competitions organized by the school, _________ involved
mathematical skills.
a. the bigger of which b. the bigger of them
c. the biggest of which d. the biggest of that
2. There is no way that we can stop the building of this bridge over our land, ________?
a. is there b. isn’t there c. can it d. can’t it

3. The company’s Human Resources team ____________ earlier this month that they
___________ all the job vacancies in the finance department.
a. had announced / filled b. was announcing / would have filled
c. is announcing / have filled d. announced / had filled
4. The famous Trevi Fountain in Rome, ___________, attracts thousands of visitors from all
over the world.
a. constructed in the 18th century b. constructing in the 18th century
c. which constructed in the 18th century d. to have been constructed in the 18th century
5. My grandmother was sure that she had closed the door, but she did not remember _______
it, so we had to go back and check.
a. to lock b. locking c. to have locked d. being locked
6. My brother did not seem worried or stressed when he failed the university entrance exam;
____________, he seemed really relaxed.
a. nevertheless b. as a consequence c. therefore d. on the contrary
7. I thought I saw John in town this morning but it _________ him – he’s in Greece this week.
a. mustn’t be b. can’t be c. can’t have been d. might not have been
8. _________ the local government has done a lot to support immigrants is obvious.
a. What b. How c. That d. Whenever

In questions 1 – 20, choose the correct word or phrase that best completes the
sentence.
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9. Brandon knows nothing about cars, so whenever his car breaks down, he _________ it
____________ by a mechanic.
a. has/fix b. gets/to fix c. has/to be fixed d. gets/fixed
10. The government will get more support from the public ____________ it passes stricter laws
on crime.
a. unless b. provided that c. hence d. therefore
11. Mary felt really disappointed because her best friends let her down. _________ Bob ________
Jane helped her when she needed them the most.
a. either/nor b. neither/nor c. either/or d. neither/or
12. Starting smoking was a big mistake. I wish I__________ it.
a. didn’t do b. haven’t done c. won’t do d. hadn’t done
13. The garden looks so much better now that all the garbage ____________.
a. has been taken away b. has taken away c. takes away d. had been taken away
14. Whenever there is a storm, my children ___________ under the bed.
a. hide b. hid c. are hidden d. would hide
15. She must be really rich. Yesterday, she bought ______________ bottle of champagne.
a. a two hundred – years – old b. a two hundred – years’– old
c. a two hundred – year – old d. a two hundred – year’s – old
16. In gymnastics competitions, women perform __________ men do.
a. exercise the same as b. exercise the same way as
c. the same exercises as d. the exercising is the same
17. I’d better ________ back to work or my boss will be angry with me.
a. get b. got c. getting d. gotten
18. As ______ unemployment is widespread at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find
______ work.
a. the / the b. – / – c. – / the d. the / –
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19. By the year 2015, their son ____________ from college.
a. will graduate b. will have graduated
c. is going to graduate d. will be graduating
20. John’s parents celebrated _____________ starting a new business.
a. he b. he is c. his d. him

21.They may soon realize that they need more than a month to renovate that building.
a. It should not take them more than a month to renovate the building.
b. It is likely that a month won’t be sufficient to renovate the building.
c. It will take them a month to realize that the building needs to be renovated.
d. They’ll soon realize that the building needs a month-long renovation.
22. Mr. Graces has threatened to leave unless he receives an apology from the journalist.
a. Mr. Graces has said that he would leave if the journalist does not apologize to him.
b. The journalist received an apology after Mr. Graces threatened to leave.
c. If the journalist does not leave, Mr. Graces does not intend to apologize.
d. Mr. Graces threatened the journalist because he received no apology.
23. I wouldn’t have recovered fully if my relatives had not supported me.
a. I recovered fully although I received no support from my relatives.
b. Without my relatives’ support, my recovery would have been impossible.
c. Despite my full recovery, my relatives offered strong support.
d. Although I received strong support from my relatives, I couldn’t recover fully.
24. In China, the sale of alcohol is limited to people 20 years old and over.
a. In China, only people 20 years old and over can limit the sale of alcohol.
b. In China, people under the age of 20 are not allowed to sell alcohol.
c. Only people who are 20 years old and over can buy alcohol in China.
d. In China, you shouldn’t be older than 20 in order to buy alcohol.
25. Even though Dr. Snow was unable to understand the mechanism which caused
cholera disease, he was successful in preventing it.
a. Dr. Snow could avoid cholera disease because he could fully describe the mechanism
which caused it.
b. Dr. Snow could not determine the prevention of cholera disease because he could not
find out its causes.
c. Dr. Snow could not find a way to avoid cholera disease although he found the causes of it.
d. Dr. Snow could not fully understand the cause of cholera disease, but he was able to find
a way to avoid it.
In questions 21 – 30, choose the correct sentence with the closest meaning to the
given sentence.
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26. After thousands of years of studying every aspect of it, there are still many features
of the brain that remain a mystery.
a. After thousands of years of hard work, many properties of the brain are finally discovered.
b. The brain is such a mysterious organ that, although it has been studied for years, no one
has learned anything about it.
c. Many of the brain’s characteristics are not known despite the fact that it has been deeply
examined for years.
d. The functioning of the brain is far too complicated to be understood, so scientists have
not been able to study it properly.
27. MP3 players give many students, who are already using their cell phones in class, yet
another reason to be distracted.
a. When students use their phones in class, they always listen to their MP3 players.
b. MP3 players make it more difficult for already distracted students to focus in class.
c. When students do not use their phones in class, MP3 players do not distract them.
d. MP3 players make it more difficult for students to use their cell phones in class.
28. Although Mr. Brandon used the economic crisis as an excuse, everybody understood why
he fired Mary.
a. Mr. Brandon fired Mary because everybody understood the excuse.
b. Mr. Brandon wouldn’t have fired Mary if there hadn’t been an economic crisis.
c. Mary was fired because Mr. Brandon was in a serious economic crisis.
d. The economic crisis was not the real reason why Mr. Brandon fired Mary.
29. The cleaner the materials you throw in the garbage, the more likely it is that they will be
recycled.
a. If the materials you throw away are not very dirty, the chances that they will be
recycled are high.
b. To be recycled, materials should be thoroughly cleaned before they are thrown away.
c. Dirt should be removed from materials so that they can be sent to a recycling center.
d. No matter how dirty the materials in the garbage, there is no guarantee they will be
recycled.
30. Despite being really crowded, Japan has high living standards.
a. Japan has high living standards as a result of being crowded.
b. Japan is a very crowded country, but it has high living standards.
c. Since Japan has high living standards, it is really crowded.
d. In spite of having high living standards, Japan is really crowded.

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31.Teachers who argue that physical punishment should be allowed at school ____________.
a. thinking that this is the only solution
b. as some students are difficult to control
c. have been criticized by many parents
d. and should be part of the educational system
32. Since there are hundreds of language proficiency tests on the Internet, ____________.
a. students have the chance to practice before the exam
b. the source that students have been using for years
c. provides students with a lot of practice
d. so students can get all the practice they want
33. ____________ takes a lot of effort and hard work.
a. Becoming a good computer programmer it
b. That someone becomes a good computer programmer
c. Becoming a good computer programmer
d. In becoming a good computer programmer
34. ____________ even though he has written only a few books.
a. He never established himself as a famous writer
b. As he has never been considered a great writer
c. Being considered one of the most famous writers
d. He has a lot of dedicated fans all around the world
35. ____________ have discovered a vaccine which might work.
a. Researchers working to find a cure for cancer
b. Once researchers who want to find a cure for cancer
c. Determined to find a cure for cancer researchers who
d. Researchers are determined to find a cure for cancer
36. The government has employed two new economic strategies _______________.
a. neither of them will help fight unemployment
b. whenever there is a serious financial crisis
c. are necessary to handle the current economic crisis
d. which aim at reducing unemployment in the country
In questions 31 – 40, choose the correct answer that best completes each sentence.

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37. Everybody finds it strange that she does not remember ____________.
a. what happened last night
b. had she locked the door or not
c. why is she here
d. how did she get here
38. A tornado is an extremely violent storm ______________.
a. which it is the most dangerous natural disaster ever
b. and causing a lot of damage
c. whose destructive power can be enormous
d. consists of air that moves very quickly
39. Alcohol, ____________, decreases essential brain functions.
a. generally considered a strong depressant
b. is generally considered a strong depressant
c. generally considering a strong depressant
d. which generally considers a strong depressant
40. While working as a clerk, Edison spent much of his time _________.
a. to prepare for his university exams
b. study for the university exams
c. as he was working hard for the exams
d. studying for his university exams
VOCABULARY
41. A cat may abandon her sick kitten in order to save the healthy one.
a. leave behind b. throw away c. get together d. put up with
42. Schools should utilize more computers to teach young children how to read and write.
a. change b. buy c. use d. transport
43. The results of research on climate change demonstrate the great dangers of increasing
temperatures on humans and animals.
a. explain b. show c. create d. calculate
In questions 41 – 50, choose the correct word that has the closest meaning to
the underlined word.

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44. Measures such as prohibiting the advertising of cigarettes on public television have failed to
reduce the number of underage smokers.
a. removing b. diminishing c. regulating d. banning
45. Tons of dynamite are needed in order to demolish the old shopping centre.
a. pull down b. fall down c. crack down d. break down
46. Scientists need to conduct further studies in order to identify the health dangers of genetically
modified foods.
a. carry out b. bring about c. keep up d. find out
47. To increase their effectiveness and decrease potential health risks, antibiotics need to be stored
in a cool environment.
a. hidden b. kept c. prepared d. sold
48. Unfortunately the witness could not recall anything related to the crime and was not of much
help to the investigation.
a. remember b. explain c. understand d. say
49. The police said there was no evidence to suggest that the fire in the factory was caused
by a fault in the electrical system.
a. document b. report c. proof d. participant
50. A great number of researchers claim that there is a link between work conditions and the
development of cancer.
a. state b. disagree c. study d. pretend
51. The government had not _____________ such a big natural disaster, so it did not have the
necessary resources to help the people affected by the flood.
a. influenced b. anticipated c. reached d. ensured
In questions 51 – 60, choose the correct word that best completes the sentence.

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52. After completing his studies, he decided to stay _____________ in the US and not move back
to his home country.
a. permanently b. temporarily c. frequently d. rapidly
53. It is the travel agent’s job to ______________ our flight details.
a. confess b. confront c. confirm d. contain
54. The proposal for a new bridge was _____________ by experts because they believed that it
would harm the environment.
a. rewarded b. constructed c. invested d. rejected
55. It is generally difficult to work with aggressive people because quite often they get involved in
_____________ with their colleagues at work.
a. conflicts b. attitudes c. judgments d. expectations
56. It was such a horrific plane crash that only three of the 250 passengers _____________.
a. surveyed b. survived c. settled d. spread
57. The police talked to the man for over an hour but they could not _____________ him to do
the right thing and climb down from the roof of the house.
a. persuade b. insist c. save d. reinforce
58. People who ______________ the smoking law in public places have to pay a fine of 82 TL.
a. protect b. enforce c. obey d. violate
59. Since there is a high risk of the volcano erupting in the next few weeks, officials have started
the ______________ of the nearest villages.
a. foundation b. extermination c. construction d. evacuation
60. After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, much stricter ______________ have been taken at airports
around the world.
a. precautions b. alarms c. emergencies d. laws

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READING
AUTISM
(I) Autism, the mental disease which prevents its victims from communicating with the outside
world, was first given a name in 1943. Yet, giving it a name did not equip doctors with the necessary
tools to make progress in their understanding of the disease and finding a cure. According to statistics,
two to four children out of every 10,000 are born autistic but it is very difficult to diagnose the disease
in children until they are three years old. Three is the average age when a child usually starts to speak
in sentences and communicate with the outside world so doctors cannot be certain that a child is
autistic if he/she has not spoken until the age of three.
(II) The most extraordinary thing about this illness is the fact that some autistic people can display
almost superhuman mental skills. A very common skill these autistic people have is calendrical
calculation, which is the ability to say which day of the week a particular date falls on. For instance,
they can tell you what day of the week it was on 23 April 1923, almost without hesitation. Yet, if you
ask them how they do it, they will not be able to provide you with a satisfactory answer. Others have
exceptional artistic talents combined with a remarkable memory. For example, some of these children
can play a piece of music on the piano after having heard it only once. What is more surprising is the
fact that they do not need a formal musical training or an above average IQ to do this.
(III) The mystery of how these people perform such skills amazes the medical world. However,
scientists have managed to specify certain common characteristics of the disease. One of the strangest
facts is that 85% of all recorded cases are male. Another equally puzzling characteristic is that the
range of their skills is always limited to music, calendrical or other mathematical calculation.
61. Doctors cannot know if a newborn baby is autistic because _______.
a. autism is an illness which is seen in only two to four children out of 10,000
b. children do not really communicate with the outside world until they are about three years old
c. autism prevents newborn babies from communicating with the outside world
d. people become autistic only after they are three years old
62. Which of the following is NOT among the mental abilities autistic people have?
a. speaking many foreign languages
b. calculating the day of the week on a particular date
c. playing a musical instrument
d. having a strong memory
63. Which of the following is correct about autism?
a. It is more common in boys than in girls.
b. It is seen in children with an above average IQ.
c. It can easily be cured after the age of three.
d. It gives some of its victims a wide range of superhuman abilities.
Answer questions 61 – 80 according to the reading passages.

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64. The word “it” in paragraph II refers to:
a. the piano b. note c. a piece of music d. memory
65. The word “specify” in paragraph III is closest in meaning to:
a. succeed b. determine c. simplify d. design
THE SPACE ELEVATOR
(I) In his 1979 science-fiction novel, The Fountains of Paradise, Arthur C. Clarke wrote about an
elevator connecting the earth’s surface to space. Three decades later, this science-fiction concept is
about to turn into reality. Recently, NASA has introduced a competition called the “Space Elevator
Challenge”. The competition offers a generous prize, and several teams and companies are working on
serious research projects aimed at winning it.
(II) As its name suggests, a space elevator is designed to carry things up to and down from space.
Such a space elevator would allow the transportation of astronauts and their supplies into space.
Furthermore, satellites and parts of spaceships could be carried into space without the need for
environmentally unfriendly rockets. The space elevator could make further space exploration cheaper
as well. For instance, a spaceship on its way to Mars would climb the elevator and then would be sent
toward its main target by a rocket once it is in space. This would be slower but it would require less
fuel than is normally needed by a rocket to break out of the Earth’s atmosphere. However, engineers
interested in building the space elevator are facing a problem. The space elevator needs to be built at a
height of 35,790 km. above the surface of the earth. How can such a height be reached?
(III) Engineers think they can solve this problem by using a cable, strong enough to support its own
weight and a heavy load. The cable would be attached to a base station on earth at one end and a
satellite in space at the other end. The base station would be built around the equator like an offshore
platform on the sea. It would also be mobile, which would allow it to change its position. This way, it
would prevent space junk from hitting the satellite. Lift vehicles, powered by electromagnetic force
and controlled remotely from the Earth, would climb up and down the cable at a speed of 190 km. per
hour, making it possible to go up and down in 15 days.
66. Which of the following is correct about NASA’s space elevator challenge?
a. It created little interest among research teams and companies.
b. NASA will give an award to the project that wins the challenge.
c. It is a science-fiction project aimed at increasing NASA’s popularity.
d. NASA has been working on it for more than 50 years.
67. It can be understood from the text that the space elevator would _______.
a. be relatively environmentally friendly
b. be able to carry only light objects
c. be faster than rockets
d. allow spaceships to travel only to short distances

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68. What is the purpose of making the base station of the elevator mobile?
a. to be able to protect the satellite from space junk
b. to make the base station look like an offshore platform
c. to supply energy to the satellite in space
d. to make it closer to the Equator
69. The word “it” in paragraph II refers to ___.
a. the space elevator b. space exploration c. spaceship d. Mars
70. The word “remotely” in paragraph III is closest in meaning to ___.
a. from space b. by chance c. by force d. from a distance
MASS PRODUCTION
(I) In the middle ages, shops were not full of goods waiting for buyers. Instead, they were full of
workers who were experts in their fields waiting to manufacture goods. In other words, producers
manufactured goods only when a customer asked for them. This production method continued until the
end of the 18th century when the concept of mass production was introduced for the first time.
(II) Mass production is based on the principles of specialization and division of labor. These two
concepts were first described by Adam Smith in 1776. Mass production allows manufacturers to
produce large amounts of similar goods. In mass production, to design products and set up production
systems, a highly skilled labor is used. These production systems are usually made up of specialized
machinery and an assembly line. The assembly line is a moving facility. Unskilled workers work at
different production points along the assembly line: they put together standardized parts to manufacture
the final products. Stopping an assembly line in order to correct a quality problem is usually avoided.
This is because stopping the assembly line means stopping all work at all production points.
(III) The early businesses that used mass production methods were able to take workers directly out
of agricultural labor on the land to the factory floor. No significant training was required. Even today,
little or no skill is required in mass production. In factories where mass production is used, each worker
remains in one place, with one specific task to do. The work is repetitive, and the owner of the factory
can simply decide to increase or decrease the number of workers depending on demand.
71. Before the introduction of mass production ______.
a. shops were full of goods waiting for their customers
b. production of goods followed customers’ wishes
c. goods were standardized
d. goods were produced by unskilled people

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72. Which of the following is true about mass production?
a. It is common to interrupt an assembly line during production.
b. A highly skilled workforce organizes the production processes.
c. Designing the product is the responsibility of the unskilled workers.
d. A special training is necessary for the workers on the assembly line.
73. It can be understood from the text that workers in mass production factories _____.
a. are valuable to their employers
b. move along different production points
c. perform the same kind of work over and over
d. change tasks frequently
74. In paragraph I, “them” refers to ______.
a. producers b. shops c. goods d. buyers
75. In paragraph III, the word “agricultural” is related to ______.
a. industry b. farming c. machinery d. workforce
EDUCATION
(I) Of the world’s 774 million illiterate adults, 60% are women, a share that has remained unchanged
for the past two decades. In rich countries, almost everyone, male or female, can read and write. In
developing countries, however, men are still much more likely to be literate than women.
(II) Yet, girls around the world are beginning to catch up. Education for girls has many desirable
consequences: a better job with higher pay, a later marriage, fewer children, and being able to
contribute financially to the family income. This is why many international organizations like the
World Bank are making an effort to promote girls’ education in poor countries. With their efforts, in
the developing world, 78% of girls are now at primary school, a slightly smaller percentage than boys
(82%). Meanwhile, in rich countries, the big surprise of the past few decades has been women’s huge
advance into higher education: the share of girls aged over 25 who have had higher education is now
33%, compared to 28% of men in the same age group.
(III) Despite improvements in their education, women all around the world still do not have equal
opportunities with men in the professional world. They advance more slowly in the workplace, and
are paid lower salaries. Also, factors such as negative cultural attitudes and the lack of availability of
child care may discourage women when applying for higher positions.

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76. Which of the following can be understood from the text?
Illiteracy rate is ________________________.
a. lower among women in the world when compared to men
b. lower in poor countries when compared to rich countries
c. higher among women in poor countries
d. the same between women of rich and poor countries
77. A better educated female population results in:
a. equal job opportunities with men
b. higher birth rates
c. higher payment than men
d. a higher standard of living
78. All of the following are correct EXCEPT:
a. There has been an improvement in the level of female education in both rich and poor
countries.
b. The improvement of female education at higher levels was something that was expected
c. The percentage of women with higher education above age 25 is slightly higher than men in rich
countries.
d. The number of girls attending primary school in poor countries is less than boys.
79. The word “promote” in paragraph II is closest in meaning to:
a. explore b. encourage c. establish d. extend
80. “They” in paragraph III refers to
a. job opportunities b. men
c. women d. improvements in education

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